Changes to the Prohibited List
Effective January 1, 2009
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has published the 2009 Prohibited List, which goes into effect January 1, 2009. Below is a summary of the pertinent changes. For a full copy of the list, please visit the WADA website at www.wada-ama.org.
As an introduction to the 2009 Prohibited List changes, it is important to note that as of January 1, 2009, most Prohibited Substances shall be considered “Specified Substances.”
These changes provide greater flexibility with respect to sanctions. When an athlete can establish that the substance involved in the adverse analytical finding was not intended to enhance performance, the sanction may be reduced.
Those substances remaining as Non-Specified Substances include:
- Anabolic agents
- Hormones and related substances
- Agents modifying myostatin function
- Those stimulants classified as “Non-Specified”
Other notable changes include:
Substances and Methods prohibited at All Times (In- and Out-of-Competition)
S1. Anabolic Agents
Epitestosterone has been reclassified as an Anabolic Androgenic steroid since it is an isomer of testosterone. With this change, epitestosterone will maintain its status as a prohibited substance.
S3. Beta-2 Agonists
The Abbreviated Therapeutic Use Exemption that previously applied to salbutamol, salmeterol, terbutaline and formoterol has been eliminated. The procedure for the use of any beta-2 agonist now depends on the level of the athlete, according to the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions (see page 6). Albuterol (salbutamol) concentrations greater than 1000 ng/mL in the urine will result in an adverse analytical finding unless the athlete can prove that the abnormal result was the consequence of the use of a therapeutic dose of inhaled salbutamol. Any request for a TUE must be filed 21 days in advance of the use of the medication under the rules of sport that apply.
S5. Diuretics and Other Masking Agents
Alpha-reductase inhibitors, such as finasteride and dutasteride, are no longer prohibited. They have been rendered ineffective as masking agents by newer techniques to analyze steroid profiles.
M2. Chemical and Physical Manipulation
The use of intravenous (IV) infusions continues to be prohibited and thus requires a TUE, except in the management of surgical procedures, medical emergencies or clinical investigations.
An intravenous infusion is defined as the delivery of fluids into the body through a vein using a needle or similar device. Injections with a syringe are not prohibited as a method, if:
- The injected substance is not prohibited, and
- If the volume does not exceed 50 mL.
S6. Stimulants
Stimulants are now separated into two categories: Specified and Non-Specified Stimulants. When deciding how to categorize stimulants, WADA took into account many factors including the ability to enhance performance, the risk to health of athletes, the general use in medications, and their legal or controlled status.
S9. Glucocorticosteroids
Glucocorticosteroids continue to be separated into three categories:
- For oral, intravenous, intramuscular, and rectal routes - a Therapeutic Use Exemption is required.
- For intra-articular, periarticular, peritendinous, epidural, intradermal, and inhalation routes – a Declaration of Use is required.
- Topical preparations for treatment of ear, mouth, skin, eye, and nose conditions - are permitted and require no further documentation. Iontophoresis and phonophoresis are permitted and require no additional documentation.
Substances Prohibited in Particular Sports
P1. Alcohol
The doping violation threshold for blood and breath alcohol has been harmonized for all International Federations to 0.1 g/L.
The International Federation for Quilleurs (FIQ) has added alcohol to the list of substances prohibited In-Competition for Ninepin bowling and WADA added Tenpin bowling to the list of sports that prohibit alcohol In-Competition.
P2. Beta-Blockers
The International Golf Federation has added beta-blockers to the list of substances prohibited In-Competition.
Tenpin Bowling has been included under this section since this discipline is also part of FIQ.
IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER
- Beta-2 agonists are prohibited both In- and Out-of-Competition. Salbutamol, salmeterol,formoterol and terbutaline require a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE). Procedures for the use of a beta-2 agonist depend on the level of the athlete.
- IV infusions are prohibited In- and Out-of-Competition with exceptions.
- The use of Glucocorticosteroids by inhalation or local injection requires a declaration on the Doping Control Official Record and medical documentation.
- Glucocorticosteroids used as dermal (topical, iontophoresis, phonophoresis), eye drops, ear drops, nasal sprays and mouth (buccal) treatments are permitted and do not require a TUE.
- Use of pure oxygen is prohibited.
- The substances listed in the 2009 Monitoring List are not prohibited and their presence in the body will not result in a doping violation. Pseudoephedrine and caffeine are both on the monitoring list.
The 2009 Wallet Card and 2009 Guide to Prohibited Substances and Methods of Doping will be made available to all athletes in USADA’s RTP and will be provided to all National Governing Bodies. Copies of these publications, which will be effective January 1, 2009, will be available for download from USADA’s website. The current Wallet Card and Prohibited Guide can be found at:
Wallet Card:
www.usada.org/go/walletcard
Guide to Prohibited Substances:
www.usada.org/go/prohibitedguide
For more information, please contact the Therapeutic Use Exemption department at 719-785-2045 or via e-mail at TUE@usada.org.